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Adriana Banderas raises poultry as part of Bank-supported producer's alliance in La Eugenia, Valle de Cauca, Colombia. Photo: © Charlotte Kesl / World Bank
CHALLENGE Colombia has a broad range of cooperatives that offer different levels of financial services. These cooperatives are accredited deposit-taking institutions of two types: those that serve only their members, and those that offer financial services to nonmembers, which are called cooperativas financieras or financial cooperatives. To serve all of Colombia’s financial institutions, there are two deposit insurance schemes: the Guarantee Fund for Financial Institutions (FOGAFIN), and the Guarantee Fund for Cooperatives (FOGACOOP). FOGAFIN charges a premium of 30 basis points and covers...
Tajik women and a child by bus. Photo: Agi Kiss © The World Bank
CHALLENGE The National Bank of Tajikistan (NBT) department responsible for payment systems began preparing bidding documents and technical specifications for a centralized domestic center—a National Processing Center (NPC)—at the NBT to process retail card payments made throughout the country. The department did so in response to the perceived urgency of establishing a domestic processing capability for payment cards in view of (i) the inefficiency of having all payments cleared through service providers outside Tajikistan (mostly in Russia or Kazakhstan) and (ii) the fact that local banks...
KYRGYZ REPUBLIC: Recovering from Crisis and Strengthening the Financial Sector
CHALLENGE The Kyrgyz banking sector has faced significant credit, funding, and liquidity risks since the 2008/2009 global crisis. Moreover, the April 2010 political crisis and the June 2010 violence had resulted in massive deposit outflows in the banking system ($240 million was withdrawn in a month). In response to the crisis, the National Bank of Kyrgyz Republic (NBKR) took measures to preserve financial stability. The NBKR took seven banks (accounting for 45 percent of the system’s assets) under temporary administration, imposed direct supervision on 10 banks, and issued instructions to...
SEYCHELLES: Shifting the Role of State in Housing Finance
CHALLENGE In the typical housing finance market, the private sector (commercial banks) provides housing finance to upper- and middle- income segments, while lower-income segments of the housing market are served by development finance institutions or through some form of social welfare safety net. Usually challenges associated with access to housing finance relate to a housing finance gap, which normally occurs at the intersection where commercial banks are not comfortable to lend and where development finance institutions believe there is no longer a need for the state to facilitate or...
LIBERIA: Consistent Progress in a Challenging Environment
CHALLENGE After the protracted civil war ended in 2003, Liberia needed to rebuild the financial sector from the basics. The financial sector was narrow and underdeveloped, characterized by limited financial instruments, a low level of financial intermediation, and limited trust among the public. A number of systemic and institutional constraints had led to limited availability of financing for productive investment, particularly for SMEs, as well as rural-based agricultural industries. These constraints included a high volume of nonperforming loans (40 percent in 2006), ineffective judicial...
India: Expanding Access to Affordable Housing Finance
FIRST provided important seed support for a series of reforms by the National Housing Bank (NHB) of India to expand affordable housing finance. During the period 2007-2013, FIRST funded two projects, for a total of $583,000, that helped to broaden the affordable housing market for the poor population. Challenge: India's housing market has experienced very rapid growth since 1999 due to several factors, including an increase in purchasing power, a decline in interest rate, and the deepening capital market. The rise in demand together with the huge shortage of supply (about 25 million housing...
Egypt: Improving Systemic Surveillance
Following the FSAP 2010 recommendations, the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) approached FIRST for help with developing a tool for strengthening the risk assessment and management framework for individual banks and the whole financial system. FIRST funded TA worth $180,000 to provide the CBE with a customized Financial Projection Model (FPM) , a tool that helps bank supervisors implement dynamic stress tests, identify and monitor problem banks, assess systemic vulnerability, and evaluate a bank's value for liquidation or resolution options, among other tasks. The TA was carried out between January...
Tajikistan: Post-FSAP Financial Sector Legal and Regulatory Reforms and Strategy Development
A 2007 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) report prepared jointly by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), diagnosed and recommended solutions for a number of weaknesses in the financial sector, and in particular identified a need to amend and rewrite several laws and regulations to strengthen the legal and regulatory framework and to harmonize conflicting laws and regulations. These included laws and regulations regarding National Bank of Tajikistan (NBT) governance, bank governance, banking secrecy, licensing, consolidated supervision, remedial action, loan...
Rwanda: Financial Sector Development Program
Overview The Financial Sector Development Program (FSDP) in Rwanda (Phase I and II projects) was supported by the Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening (FIRST) Initiative, a multi-donor grant facility that provides technical assistance to promote financial sector strengthening. The government mobilized more than US$30 million from other development partners and together with the World Bank-financed Competitiveness and Enterprise Development Project (CEDP), more than 100 actions in banking, pensions, capital markets, payments system, and accounting and auditing have been implemented to...
Malawi: Financial Sector Development Strategy
The Malawi Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) was completed in December 2007 and concluded that while progress had made in building a privately-owned and managed banking sector, a considerable development agenda remained to be addressed. The report included 25 main recommendations for financial sector of which 10 (40%) were listed as “immediate” priorities and the remainder as “medium term.” Many of these recommendations were couched in general terms. In addition to the FSAP, Malawi benefited from a 2008 FinScope demand side study that confirmed the magnitude of the challenges facing...

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